Supercapacitor batteries have the characteristics of short charging time, long service life, good temperature characteristics, frugal energy and green environmental protection. The power balanced power used as a lifting device can supply electricity with extremely high currents; it is used as a vehicle startup power supply, and its starting efficiency and robustness are higher than that of traditional batteries, and traditional batteries may be replaced in full or partially; the traction energy used as a vehicle may produce electric vehicles, replace traditional internal combustion engines, and reform existing trolley cars; it can be used in the military to ensure the smooth start of tank vehicles, tank vehicles and other combat vehicles (especially in severe cold winters), and as a pulse energy for laser weapons. In addition, it can also be used for energy storage energy for other electromechanical equipment. Because oil resources are slowly depleted and the exhaust emissions from burning oil are increasingly contaminated with the environment (especially in large and medium-sized cities), studying the replacement of new energy devices for internal combustion engines has become an urgent problem. After a long period of research and development of energy, fuel cells, chemical battery products and utilization, certain functions have been obtained. However, there are no better solutions to the inherent problems such as short service life, poor temperature characteristics, environmental pollution, complex systems, and high cost. Supercapacitor batteries use their excellent characteristics to make up for their weaknesses. They may partially or completely replace traditional chemical batteries with energy power and startup energy of vehicles, and their extended use is more common than traditional chemical batteries. Countries around the world are trying their best to research and develop supercapacitor batteries. Among them, the United States, Japan, Russia and other countries not only take the lead in research, production, but also have broken down special national governance institutions (such as USAB C of the United States and SU of Japan.
N, Russia's REVA, etc.), formulate national development plans, and the country invests huge amounts of money and manpower, actively promotes it. In terms of supercapacitor battery skills, Russia is currently ahead of the world. Its products have been traded and produced and utilized, and was rated as an advanced product by the 17th International Electric Vehicle Annual Conference (EVS-17). Japan, Germany, France, the United Kingdom, Australia and other countries are also catching up. At present, the scope of promoting the use of supercapacitor batteries in various countries is quite common. The utilization and promotion of supercapacitor batteries in my country may reduce oil consumption and reduce dependence on oil imports, which is conducive to national oil insurance; effectively solve the problems of urban exhaust gas contamination and lead-acid battery contamination. Supercapacitor batteries are a completely new capacitor that actually breaks the interface electric double layer proposed by German physicist Helmholtz. The nominal metal electrical inserted into the electrolyte solution in a chemical battery will show excess charges with opposite symbols on both sides of the liquid surface, resulting in potential differences between phases. Then, if two electricity is inserted simultaneously in the electrolyte solution and a voltage smaller than the electrolyte solution decomposition voltage is applied therebetween, the positive and negative ions in the electrolyte will flexibly move towards the two under the action of the electric field, and a considerate charge layer, that is, the electric double layer, is formed in the name of the two power-on, which is similar to the electric charge generated by the dielectric in the traditional capacitor under the action of the electric field, thus producing a capacitance effect. The considerate electric double layer is similar to the flat capacitor. However, because the spacing of the thoughtful charge layer is much smaller than the interval between the charge layers of individual capacitors, there is a larger capacity than that of individual capacitors. The electric double layer capacitor has a larger internal resistance than the aluminum electrolytic capacitor, so it can be directly charged without load resistance. If overvoltage charging occurs, the electric double layer capacitor will open circuit without damaging the device. This feature is different from the overvoltage breakdown of the aluminum electrolytic capacitor. At the same time, compared with rechargeable batteries, electric double layer capacitors can perform unlimited charging, and the number of charging times can reach more than 10E6 times. Therefore, electric double layer capacitors not only have the characteristics of capacitors, but also have battery characteristics. They are a new special component between the battery and the capacitor. Supercapacitor batteries have a much larger capacity than usual battery capacity. Because its capacity is very large, it is the same as that of a battery, so it is also called a capacitive battery; or gold battery; Supercapacitor batteries are also electric double layer capacitors. They are one of the capacity of electric double layer capacitors that have been put into mass production in the world. The basic principle is the same as other types of electric double layer capacitors. They use the electric double layer structure composed of activated carbon porous electricity and electrolyte to obtain super large capacity.The electrical energy stored in traditional battery capacitors comes from the charge on the two plates. The two plates are isolated by a vacuum (dielectric constant is 1) or a layer of dielectric substance (dielectric constant is ε). The capacitance value is: C=ε·A/3.6πd·10-6 (μF), where A is the plate area and d is the dielectric thickness. The stored energy is: E=C(ΔV)2/2, where C is the capacitance value and ΔV is the voltage drop between the plates. It can be seen that if you want to obtain a larger capacitance and store more energy, you must increase the area A or reduce the dielectric thickness d, but this expansion space is limited, resulting in smaller power storage and energy storage. The supercapacitor battery is made into porous electricity by activated carbon data, and the electrolyte solution is filled between the carbon porous electricity. When a voltage is applied at both ends, the porous electricity is resolved to gather positive and negative electrons. The positive and negative ions in the electrolyte solution will be resolved to the interface with the positive and negative plates due to the electric field action, thus forming two current collector layers, which are equivalent to the two capacitors in series, because there is an ultra-high nominal product of ≥1200m2/g (that is, the Electrical area A), and the interface between the electrolyte and porous electricity is less than 1 nm (that is, a small dielectric thickness d is obtained), according to the calculation formula, it can be seen that this electric double layer capacitor is much larger than the traditional physical capacitor, and the specific capacity may be improved by more than 100 times, so that the capacitance per unit component can reach 100F/g, and the internal resistance of the capacitor can still be maintained at a very low level, and carbon data also has the advantages of low cost and mature skills. This makes it possible to store energy with a large amount of energy by using capacitors, and in actual use, it is possible to improve the output voltage or current by series or parallel connection. Advantages of supercapacitor batteries:It is commensurate with the two capacitors in series, because the activated carbon data has an ultra-high nominal product of ≥1200m2/g (i.e., the electrical area A obtained), and the interface between the electrolyte and the porous electricity is less than 1nm (i.e., a small dielectric thickness d is obtained). According to the calculation formula above, it can be seen that this electric double layer capacitor is much larger than the traditional physical capacitor, and the specific capacity may be improved by more than 100 times, so that the capacitance per unit component can reach 100F/g, and the internal resistance of the capacitor can still be maintained at a very low level. The carbon data also has the advantages of low cost and mature skills. This makes it possible to store energy with a large amount of energy by using capacitors, and in actual use, it is possible to improve the output voltage or current by series or parallel connection. Advantages of supercapacitor batteries:It is commensurate with the two capacitors in series, because the activated carbon data has an ultra-high nominal product of ≥1200m2/g (i.e., the electrical area A obtained), and the interface between the electrolyte and the porous electricity is less than 1nm (i.e., a small dielectric thickness d is obtained). According to the calculation formula above, it can be seen that this electric double layer capacitor is much larger than the traditional physical capacitor, and the specific capacity may be improved by more than 100 times, so that the capacitance per unit component can reach 100F/g, and the internal resistance of the capacitor can still be maintained at a very low level. The carbon data also has the advantages of low cost and mature skills. This makes it possible to store energy with a large amount of energy by using capacitors, and in actual use, it is possible to improve the output voltage or current by series or parallel connection. Advantages of supercapacitor batteries:
(1) The charging speed is fast, and it can reach more than 95% of its rated capacity in just ten seconds to ten minutes; and how many hours it usually takes to charge a lead-acid battery with area.
(2) The service life of reincarnation is long, and the number of deep charging and discharging cycles can reach 500,000 times. If the supercapacitor is charged and discharged 20 times a day, continuous utilization can reach 68 years. If compared with lead-acid batteries accordingly, their service life can reach 68 years, and there is no memory effect.
(3) The power of large current discharge is very strong, the energy conversion effect is high, the process loss is small, and the efficiency of large current energy reincarnation is ≥90%;
(4) The power density is high, up to 300W/kg~5000W/kg, which is tens of times that of individual batteries; it is greatly improved compared to energy, and lead-acid batteries can only reach 200W/kg, while supercapacitor batteries can currently be developed to reach 10KW/kg.
(5) The original product data is not contaminated by the formation, production, utilization, storage and dismantling process, and is a fantasy green and environmentally friendly power source;
(6) The charging and discharging circuit is simple, no charging circuit like a rechargeable battery is required, the insurance coefficient is high, and long-term use is free of maintenance;
(7) Good ultra-low temperature characteristics, and the utilization ambient temperature range is as wide as -40℃~70℃;
(8) Convenient detection, residual power can be read directly;
(9) The monomer capacity range is usually 0.1F--3400F.
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